Imagine that the next chapter in the fight against neurodegeneration does not begin with a blockbuster drug, but with something so small you could easily overlook it: a peptide. A peptide is a short chain of amino acids, a sliver of a protein, more like a keychain than a full set of keys. Because of its size, a peptide can slip through molecular doors that larger drugs cannot, entering tight spaces within cells and interacting with specific biochemical systems with remarkable

When a loved one is diagnosed with Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s or motor neurone disease (MND/ALS), life suddenly feels like it’s happening in slow motion. Movements become smaller. Words arrive a bit later. Energy fades. Beneath those changes, the brain is quietly struggling with something very simple and very brutal: it cannot make enough energy from its usual fuel. This is where the ketogenic diet steps onto the stage. It’s often sold online as a miracle: “fuel your brain with

Inside our brains, millions of tiny power stations — neurones — work tirelessly to keep every thought, movement, and memory alive. But like any high-energy system, they produce by-products: unstable molecules that can damage delicate cell structures. Normally, the brain’s own defences sweep these threats away before they cause harm. At the centre of that defence lies glutathione (GSH) — a small but mighty antioxidant, often described as the body’s internal firewall (Kim et al